Sarah

=Egyptian Society during the Ramesside period, Dynasties XIX and XX =

- Syllabus Content -  Map - Pharaohs - Past Questions - Oral Presentations -

Oral Presentation by Sarah
4.5 funerary texts: The Book of the Dead and the Am Duat (Book of What is in the Netherworld), The Book of Gates __ **Book of the Dead ** __ The Book of the Dead is an Egyptian Funerary text that’s purpose was to allow the deceased to pass through the multiple obstacles that they would encounter on their journey to the afterlife. The Book of the Dead is filled with spells and instructions to allow the deceased to pass through to the afterlife, this spells and instructions were written on papyri scrolls and placed in the tombs of the deceased or inscribed on their coffin or burial chamber.

__** This source is a papyri scroll with spells from Chapter 17 of the Book of the Dead. - Contains statements involving the religious doctrines. - Images are used with hieroglyphics to explain the spells in the Book of the Dead. Chapter 17 of the Book of the Dead is located in Thebes, Egypt from the 19th Dynasty.
 * __Book of the Dead, Chapter 17:

__** - This is an illustration of the Egyptian God, Osiris who is being prepared for the afterlife, Fumigation. Th Fumigation of Osiris is from the Book of the Dead Nebged, 19th Dynasty, the papyri scroll was moved in the 14th Century to the Louvre, Paris where it is at the present time.
 * __Book of the Dead, The Fumigation of Osiris:

__** - This is the spell for the opening of the mouth. This depicts the most important ritual that is performed on the deceased. - Contains the words of how the gods conducted this ritual mentioning Seth, Atum and Shu. This Book of the Dead spell 23 is located in Ramesses II’s tomb (KV 7) in the Valley of the Kings from the 19th Dynasty.
 * __Book of the Dead, Spell 23:

__ **Am Duat ** __ The Am Duat is a key Egyptian funerary text and was written on the inside of the decease tomb. This was reserved for the Egyptians pharaohs and the favoured nobility in rare cases. The Am Duat tells the story of the Egyptian sun god, Ra and his journey travelling through the underworld.

__** - Sun god, Ra shown as a ram-headed man, which stands in a shrine on his boat. The Second Hour of the Am Duat is located in Ramesses VI’s tomb (KV 9) in the Valley of the Kings, 20th Dynasty.
 * __ Am Duat, Second Hour:

__**Book of Gates** __ The Book of Gates describes the passage that the deceased soul must take into the netherworld, corresponding to the journey of the sun through the underworld during the hours of the night. The funerary text describes the series of ‘gates’ that the deceased must pass to enter the afterworld. The text discusses that some people will pass through unharmed but that others will suffer torment in the Lake of Fire.  Book of Gates, Third Hour – Contains three sections which depict different aspects of the afterlife. - Mummies being awakened from the dead and The Lake of Fire. - The sun god is being towed along in the “barque of the earth”. - Apophis the great serpent appears before Atum, assisted by other Gods. The Third Hour of the Book of Gates is located in Ramesses I’s tomb (KV 16) in the Valley of the Kings, from the 19th Dynasty.
 * Book of Gates, Third Hour: **

__** Book of Gates, Fourth Hour - Contains three sections depicting different scenes: - Shrines containing mummies of the dead who have not yet risen. - Enshrines image of Osiris, projected on all sides by the gods of his associates. The Fourth Hour of the Book of Gates is located in Seti I’s tomb (KV 17) in the Valley of the Kings, from the 19th Dynasty.
 * __ Book of Gates, Fourth Hour:

**Bibliography:**
Benderitter, Thierry. 2004 The Book of Gates, Retrieved: 28th February 2009
 * http://www.osirisnet.net/docu/livres_funeraires/livre_des_portes/e_livre_des_portes.htm


 * http://www.egyptsbookofthedead.com/cont.php


 * http://www.egyptologyonline.com/
 * http://www.egyptologyonline.com/funerary_texts.htm
 * http://www.egyptologyonline.com/book_of_the_dead.htm
 * http://www.egyptologyonline.com/book_of_gates.htm


 * http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/articles/article_5.1_1.html
 * http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/articles/article_5.1_3.html